The Wharton/NUS/Tsinghua Chinese Residential Land Price Indexes (CRLPI) are constant-quality series that track changes in the real value of residential land parcels purchased via public bidding or auction from local governments in the 35 major cities across China. Data on the market share of these 35 markets in China’s aggregate land sales are not available. However, newly-built housing transactions in these cities as measured by floor area constitute at least 30% of the national total for any year during 2004-2012. Because the Chinese government retains ultimate ownership of all urban land, the transaction prices we observe technically are for a leasehold interest. A 1988 constitutional amendment allowed the purchase of use rights for long periods of time—up to 70 years for residential properties. In a typical private housing project development, local governments first sell the leasehold interest to developers. The developers then build housing units on the parcels, and sell those units to households. Households have the right to live in, rent out or sell their housing units during the remaining period of the leasehold estate. Our indexes are based on the prices paid by developers for the right to use the land.