Indonesia is undergoing a major and rapid structural transformation into an urban, manufacturing, and service-based economy. Indonesia's cities are growing faster than many of their Asian peers, with the urban population increasing at an average rate of 4.1 percent per year between 2000 and 2010 (compared to 3.8 percent in China, 3.1 percent in India, and 2.8 percent in Thailand). In 2012, the urban population was over 52 percent of the total population, and by 2025, an estimated 68 percent of Indonesians will live in urban areas. Approximately 18 million of the 21 million jobs created between 2001 and 2011 were in urban areas, marking a major shift of the employment base toward cities.